Equestrian
History
The only Olympic sport in which men and women compete against
each other on a level playing field is equestrian. It has three disciplines:
everting, dressage and jumping. Equestrianism
is a very old sport practiced by a man and his horse. Since the old Olympics it
was practiced as a competition. However, the rules and competitions such as
those occurring today, only began in 1883, in the United States. In the program
of the modern Olympic Games, the equestrian was included in the 1912 Olympics
in Stockholm (Sweden).
The art
of jumping with horses as competition has its origin in the 19th century, a
time when the joint formed by rider and horse already had the habit of jumping
during hunting. In 1868, the Dublin Royal Society in Bell's Bridge promoted
proof high jump and another jump, in order to test the ability of hunting
horses.
A few
years later, in 1881, the same Royal Dublin Society returned to innovate and
developed what would serve as a template for the current competition. A track
on the sets (name given to the pair formed by horse and rider or rider) had to
overcome four obstacles were created. Two of them were fixed, one was presented
as a stone wall and the other consisted of a kind of water tank dug in the
ground.
In the
beginning of 20th century, the Italian Federico Caprilli revolutionized jumping
technique with horses to develop a refined method which is still adopted. As an
Olympic sport, the riding was first played in the 1900 Games in Paris, with
jumping events. The mode only returned to the
Olympics in 1912 in Stockholm, and after that, appeared in all editions.
Rules
Equestrianism
has three different modes: jump, eventing (CCE) and training. All of them can
be played individually or by crew and include both men and women.
-
Jump: the rider must overcome 12 to 15 obstacles of all kinds spread across a
lane of 700 m to 900 m. The punishment to set comes if faults are committed,
such as dropping or deflect an obstacle, reject before the jump, exceeding the
time limit, the wrong route or a fall of the rider.
-
Training: the rider needs to perform at a certain time some compulsory
movements in an area of 60 m long by 20 m wide. A team of five judges evaluates
the accuracy of movements in zero notes through ten.
-
Eventing (CCE) - the riders participate in jumping events, dressage and cross
country race. Three days of race and the winner is the one who has less
negatives.
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