Water Polo
Water Polo was created in mid nineteenth-century in
England and Scotland by a Scottish named William Wilson. The modern game
originated as a form of rugby played in rivers and lakes. It was
one of the original team sports at the first modern Olympic Games in 1900 with
Great Britain winning the first four men’s Olympic gold medals in 1900, 1908,
1912 and 1920. The sport combines speed and strength as well as teamwork and a
high level of fitness.
The rules are:
1.
Players can only use
one hand to hold the ball.
2.
There are 7 players
(6 field players and 1 goalie).
3.
It’s objective is to score in the opposite
team’s goal.
4.
Only the goalie can
use two hands.
5.
Players can advance
the ball by passing to teammates or swimming with the ball in front of them.
A Water Polo match is divided into 4 quarters of 8
minutes, with 2-minute intervals between them. Each quarter starts with teams
lined up on opposite goal lines, and the player who arrives first at the ball
gains possession of it for his team.
The game equipment consists of:
1.
A ball made of
waterproof material, and its size varies depending of the player’s gender or
age.
2.
Caps made to protect
player’s head and ears and to identify them from far. It varies depending of
the position of each player and if the team is “Home” or “Visitor”.
3.
Two goals located on
the side of the pool or in it, using floaters.
4.
Mouthguard (not
obligatory, but recommended).
5.
Swimwear: men use
swim briefs or jammers and women wear a one-piece swimsuit
The game became very popular in many places, like:
Europe, USA, Brazil, China, Canada and Australia.
The most famous players are:
Tony Azevedo: competitor for USA, born in Brazil.
Dušan Mandić: competitor for Serbia, born in
Montenegro.
Makenzie Fischer: USA – centre back position.
Hockey
Ice Hockey was created in Canada in the XIX
century, and has a professional league (NHL) as the main competition.
Men and women are able to practice hockey. The
sport is played by two teams with six players each.
A goal is scored when the puck (the little
black disc) passes entirely across the red line painted between the goal posts
and below the crossbar.
A penalty is a punishment for infractions of
the rules. A referee makes most penalty calls white the linesmen, call only
obvious technical infraction such as too many man on the ice. During a penalty,
the player who committed the infraction is sent to the penalty box.
Ice hockey is a full contact sport
and carries a high risk of injury. Players are moving at speeds around
approximately 20–30 mph (30–50km/h) and quite a bit of the game revolves around
the physical contact between the players. Skate blades, hockey sticks,
shoulders, hips, and hockey pucks all contribute. The types of injuries
associated with hockey include: lacerations, concussions, contusions, ligament
tears, broken bones, hyperextensions, and muscle strains. Women's ice hockey
players can have contact but are not allowed to body check. There are many
injuries in women's ice hockey too. Some common injuries are concussions,
broken bones, hyperextensions, and muscle strains.
The field of play is 91.4 by 55.0 meters with
an area of 5,027 square meters.
A hockey pitch is the playing surface for the
game of hockey field. The goalkeeper uses a special fortified equipment to
protect with special gloves and helmet made with metal.
The most famous hockey player is Wayne Gretsky.
Ice hockey is the official winter sport of Canada. Ice hockey, partially because of its
popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for
numerous films, television episodes and songs in North American popular
culture.
The presence of hockey in the Olympics:
1924 - present (winter)
BMX, is an abbreviation for bicycle motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general on-or off-road recreation.
BMX began in the early 1970 in the United States when children began racing their bicycles on dirt tracks in Southern California, inspired in motocross.
In California the sport was more popular than anywhere else.
In the UK, BMX was a craze which took off in the early 1980s, specifically 1982/3, when it became the "must have" bicycle for children and teenager. BMX exploded at this time into the dominant bicycle for the younger rider, with older teenagers and even adults becoming known names through publications like BMX Bi weekly, featuring big names like Tim March and Andy Ruffell.
BMX
BMX began in the early 1970 in the United States when children began racing their bicycles on dirt tracks in Southern California, inspired in motocross.
In California the sport was more popular than anywhere else.
In the UK, BMX was a craze which took off in the early 1980s, specifically 1982/3, when it became the "must have" bicycle for children and teenager. BMX exploded at this time into the dominant bicycle for the younger rider, with older teenagers and even adults becoming known names through publications like BMX Bi weekly, featuring big names like Tim March and Andy Ruffell.
BMX Bikes accessories
· Helmets
· Full face helmets
· Open face helmets
· Knee
· Elbow pads
5 maneuvers Dirt BMX
· Lawndart frontflip
· Superman backflip
· Super nada
· Ripple barspin backflip
· Suicide without hands
BMX Bike Styles
· Freestyle: Freestyle is an extreme sport version of BMX. Freestyle BMX started in California in the mid-1970s, as local teens started using the concrete Escondido River channels near San Diego as locations to ride. Freestyle discipline include "flatland," "street," "vert," "Park" and "trail.”.
· Flatland BMX: Spinning and balancing tricks are commonly performed on flat, smooth terrain like asphalt and concrete. Reinforced, shorter wheelbase frames are common among flatland BMX riders who quite often stand on their bikes when performing stunts.
· Street BMX: Street BMX is the art of riding a BMX bike through, and on, manmade obstacles. They include poles, handrails, steps, ledges, curved walls and architectural oddities
· Vert BMX: Vert BMX is a style quite often seen on television, in which riders use two half-pipes set apart to perform tricks. Some of the biggest ramps used can be well over 20-feet high. Because of the nature of the half-pipes, riders can use gravity and speed to gain height and perform some incredibly complex tricks.
· Park BMX: Skate parks are not just the domain of skateboarders. Park BMX riders frequent skate parks too, choosing to merge and modify styles depending on the makeup of the park itself. Some parks are made from wood, whereas others are made from concrete.
· Trail BMX: Trail BMX is practiced on a line of jumps made from very compact dirt, which are very similar to the trails used by motocross riders. Four to eight jumps are placed in a row and the trail biker builds a routine, usually in a flowing manner, from one jump to the next.
Rules:
1. No one can compete or train without being officially registered.
2. The competitors must be ready for the race when their category is called.
3. The referee of the competition has the final word on the outcome of any race.
4. When a pilot does not appear for the race, he wins the CR designation, which is equivalent to last place in the race.
5. It’s impossible to replace a pilot of a representative or substitute.
6. Drivers, parents and coaches can’t talk to people who are writing the test result.
7. Riders can push their bikes at the finish line.
8. The referee of the race reserves the right to exclude any competitor if he doesn’t show fit for the test or don’t have sportsmanship.
9. Any competitor who leaves the track needs to get back to it in a place of safety.
10. A competitor can’t in any way use your body or your equipment to prevent the projection of another competitor, and cant’ have body contact.
W10 - Wizard Centro - Teacher Fernanda Carreira - Cecília, Mari, Luiz, Thaís, Thamiris, Arthur, Lucas, Milena
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