A LITTLE HISTORY OF THE ARCHERY IN THE OLYMPICS
In the classification of the greatest inventions of humanity, the bow
and arrow occupies a prominent position. With records dating back to
prehistoric times, this tool has allowed man to expand the capacity of hunting
and later changed the way the man fought in wars, being used as one of the main
weapons for centuries.
With the discovery of
gunpowder and the development of more powerful weapons, archery became a sport
practiced in several countries. In 1879, the first American Championship of the
modality occurred by the National Association of Archery, USA. In 1884, there
was the 1st English Archery Championship.
In 1930, the International
Federation of Archery (FITA) was founded, which acted quickly and organized the
first World Archery Championship, in Poland.
Although the championship took place in 1931, the
history of the sport in the Olympic Games began long before the FITA
foundation. In the second edition of the Summer Olympic Games in Paris, 1900,
there was the first competition of the sport, that was followed by St. Louis
Games-1904, London-1908 and Antwerp in 1920 (where the last game with the old
rules happened). Between 1924 and 1968, archery ceased to be part of the
Olympic program, and only returned in 1972 in Munich, with events that a single
player competed, including games for men and women. Later, in 1988, it was
included the competition teams, in addition to individual ones of both sexes,
lasting until today.
Regarding the competing
countries of Archery in the Olympic Games, there are: in 1900 (as the first
appearance of the sport), Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bohemia,
Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Spain, United States of America, France, Great Britain,
Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Netherlands, Romania, Russia,
Sweden and Switzerland, with France as the gold winner and Belgium as the
silver winner.
The path
of female participation in the Olympics was highly complicated by the
legislation of the event, composed of men as coordinators and athletes. Even
the own founder of the Olympic movement, Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937), was
hesitant to the idea of ladies competing. Women began working in alternative
sports of the Olympic program, such as Tennis and Golf and only in 1904 were
able to participate in the Archery. An interesting fact is that they only
entered the "noble modalities" much later: in 1912 (Swimming), and 1928
(Athletics).
CURRENT WINNERS COUNTRIES OF ARCHERY UNTIL 2016
Gold
|
Silver
|
Bronze
|
|
South Korea
|
19
|
09
|
06
|
United States of America
|
14
|
09
|
08
|
Belgium
|
11
|
07
|
03
|
BRAZIL IN OLYMPICS
Archery
arrived in Brazil in the 50's at the hands of Adolpho Porta, a flight
commissioner of the head office of Panair in Brazil. At that time, he was based
in Lisbon, where he became fascinated by the sport. In 1955, when he returned
to Brazil, he arrived in Rio de Janeiro bringing targets, bows and arrows, as
well as a regulation of the World Archery Federation (WA - formerly FITA). On
November 19, 1958, the Metropolitan Federation of Archery was founded, in Rio
de Janeiro.
The
sport took its first step to international recognition in the 70's, through the
promotion of the first International Tournament, with the participation of
Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, resulting in the winner (of the event with
single player) Renato Joaquim Emílio, a brazilian one. Still in this decade,
the sport allied to a department (inside the Brazilian Football Confederation
(CBF)) that carried about some small sport, and in 1972 allied to WA.
Finally,
in 1980, Brazil participated the first time the Olympic Games, in Moscow, still
under the coordination of WA and CBDT (Brazilian Confederation of Land Sports -
created from the department of smaller CBF sports). The growth of state
federations and number of athletes allowed the creation of the Brazilian
Archery Confederation, in 1991, thus creating conditions for the sport development
in a more specific and effective way.
As
Brazil has advanced in the sport techniques, important names began to emerge.
For example, at the Beijing Olympics, 2008, the archer Luiz Gustavo was the
only representative of Brazil, although he had not a very good performance in
the individual contest and ended up being knocked out in Round 1 to the South
Korean Kyung-Mo Park. In London 2012, Daniel Xavier was the only representative
of Brazil and finished in 51st place. In Rio, Brazil will count with three
vacancies in male and female modalities.
ARCHERY IN THE RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMES
On the issue of preparations for the
Rio 2016 Olympic Games, a tournament-test (the International Shooting Challenge
Bow) was accomplished to verify the structure and logistics of the area which
will happen the Archery game - the Sambodromo Marquês de Sapucai, in Rio de
Janeiro. The tournament, which lasted from 15 to 22 September 2015 and had the
participation of 28 countries and received 120 athletes (64 men and 56 women),
was one of the events of "Aquece Rio" with the highest level of
competition. Some of the best archers in the world were in action at the
Sambódromo - for example, there were 11 winners of the last edition of the
Olympic Games. The Rio 2016 team didn't miss a detail in the installations: 28
functional areas of Rio 2016 were represented by 593 contributors ( 77
employees of the Committee, 378 contractors and 138 volunteers), that worked
for the good conduction of the event.
One of the main Brazilian names of
the sport, Marcus Vinicius D'Almeida, also attended the event. Earlier this
month, the young man broke the national record of the recurve bow, being the
current world champion cadet and was also silver medalist in Nanjing, in the
Youth Olympics in 2014, China. In addition, the Brazilian was silver in the
final stage of the World Cup last year, with the presence of the top eight
shooters, and in the last World Cup, in Denmark, 2015, was in the top 8 in the
world. In the Pan Games of Toronto, July, he was part of the team that took the
bronze medal teams.
PHYSICAL PREPARATION
A. POSTURE
Like all other Olympic sports in
archery posture it is extremely important that the body is in tune with the
instrument used.
The posture of this mode varies
with weight and the athlete's size, making it individual. The initial posture
and also calling of universal posture is the 'linear position', it is from this
that the archers begin to position themselves according to their
characteristics.
B. FEET'S
POSITION (LINEAR)
In this mode, the feet's position is so important as
the hands position. It is necessary that the archer has the feet aligned with
your shoulders or slightly wider than that.
One foot needs to be either side of the shooting line.
Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart, weight even on both feet and your
body at a 90-degree angle to the target. As can be seen in the following figure.
C. HAND
POSITION (LINEAR)
The hand is the most important
member to realize the move, it is the arrow gains strength, stability, and
sights.
The fingers are the ones that make the magic happen,
are with them the arrow gains power for greater range of the target, but varies
according to hand size, researches indicate that the hand with middle fingers
are the ones that provide increased strength, generating more speed to the
arrow. There should always be the use of specific finger cots sport, for the
help of the start and keep the firm fingers.
The direction of the force on the
fingers - the time to pull the rope to start - is very important. Muscle
tension needed to keep the fingers on the string should be just enough to keep
track of the rope.
D. HARMONY
BETWEEN THE PARTIES AND UPPER BODY LOWER
The upper body and hips must
remain fixed during the preparation. If the connection between the upper body
and hips suffer changes in the preparation, they will affect many areas of the
body during the pull, or even during the entire pull. The archer's body
position go through many changes to full pull and it is important to reduce
them to a minimum.
BASICS ARCHERY'S RULES
A. COSTUME AND EQUIPMENT
- Recurve Bow;
- Quiver for arrows;
- Wrist guard;
- Chest protector;
- Arrows butted and steel tip;
- Use stabilizer;
- Use of sling.
B. FIELD
The competition is held in three
camps:
- Outdoor: open, flat space;
- Indoor: Closed Area;
- Field: open and irregular space.
C. TARGETS
In the men's category
- 30m;
- 50m;
- 70m;
- 90m.
In the women's category
- 30m;
- 50m;
- 60m;
- 70m;
CURIOSITIES
- Archery is the national sport of the Kingdom of Bhutan;
- Among the varieties of bows there are longbows,
crossbows, pyramid bows, recurve bows, and reflex and decurve bows;
- Another name for an archer is a
"toxophilite.";
- The word "archery" derives from the
Latin term arcusmeaning
bow and arrows;
- Splitting an arrow down the middle by
shooting another one in the middle of it is called a "Robin Hood.";
- Archers in most competitions, including the
Olympics, must engrave
their initials on their arrows;
- A traditional and ceremonial form of Japanese
archery called "kyudo"
is considered an art form;
- In the 1900 archery Olympics, live pigeons were used as targets;
- When archers aim at a target 90 meters away, the
size of the target is like the size of a thumbtack held at arm's length;
- Field archery is when you put many targets around a forest area, not a plain flat range, which is more common;
- Medal record: Hubert Van Innis from Belgium holds the record for the most medals won in archery at the Olympics. At the 1900 Games in Paris, he went home with two gold and a silver. Twenty years later, at the Antwerp Games in 1920, he won four gold medals and two silver.
- Korean supremacy: South Korean athletes dominate archery at the international level. From the four gold medals up for grabs at the 2012 Olympics in London (FITA Olympic Round – 70m individual and team, men and women) the Koreans scooped up three
RESEARCH SOURCE
- http://www.learn-archery.com/basic-archery.html
- http://archeryna.weebly.com/interesting-facts.html
- http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/jul/28/healthandwellbeing.features2
- http://www.brasil2016.gov.br/pt-br/olimpiadas/modalidades/tiro-com-arco
- https://arcoeflechace.com/2015/03/03/tec
Teacher: Míriam
Hamida Malat
Heloysa Neres
Phelipe Santos
W10-01
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