JUDO

HISTORY

In 1882, Dr. Jigoro Kano (The Father of Judo) made a comprehensive study of the ancient self-defence forms and integrated the best of these forms into a sport which is known as Kodokan Judo.

The term Kodokan breaks down into ko (lecture, study, method), do (way or path), and kan (hall or place). Thus it means “a place to study the way”. Similarly judo breaks down into ju (gentle) and do (way or path) or “the gentle way”.

Prof. Kano adopted the superlative parts of all the Jujitsu schools, got rid of precarious parts and the Kodokan Judo was recognized in a few years to be excellent since its students overwhelmed the Jujitsu athletes at the Police Bujitsu Contest.

The categorization of Kodokan Judo was completed about 1887. The Kodokan had three broad aims: physical education, contest proficiency and mental training.

JUDO IN OLYMPIC GAMES

Judo made its first appearance on the Olympic programme at the Games of the XVIII Olympiad in Tokyo in 1964. It was then absent from the Games in Mexico City in 1968, only to return for the Games in Munich in 1972 and has been on the Olympic programme ever since. Women’s judo appeared as a demonstration sport at the Games in Seoul in 1988 and joined the Olympic programme for the Games of the XXV Olympiad in Barcelona in 1992.

PLAYING JUDO

Judo is competed on a mat, also called tatami, measuring 14m x 14m, with a smaller 10m x 10m contest area marked within.

Judokas must each wear a gi (traditional uniform originating from the kimono and other Japanese garments). The gi must be durable enough not to easily rip and the arms and legs must be no more than 5cm above the wrists and ankles respectively when the limbs are extended. A belt must be worn which is wrapped around the jacket and tied with the traditional knot.

HOW IS THE POINT COUNT (SCORE)

There are three types of score an athletes can achieve in a judo bout.

* Ippon: is the best score in that it results in immediate victory and can be achieved by throwing an opponent in such a way as to make then land on their back. Another methods of scoring ippon include trapping an opponent in an armhold or stranglehold to the extent that it forces them to submit or immobilising an opponent on the floor for at least 25 seconds.

* Waza-ari:is the second best socore becauseit is a half point in that the award of two waza-ari in a bout is the same as ippon, and hence the winner is declared. Waza-ari is awarded for lesser throws than those scoring ippon, and for immobilising the opponent for less than the time required to score ippon.

* Yuko: is the third, and holding least weight type of score. These are awarded for short immobilising holds and some less effective throws or locks. One score of waza-ari outscores any number of yuko, while even if an athlete has one score of waza-ari and many of yuko, one score of ippon by the other athlete would supersede them all.

There are still two types of penalties awarded in judo:

* Shido, for minor rule infringements.

* Hansoku make, for major rule breaches, or for the accumulation of four shidos.

Athletes, or judokas, win a match by either achieving ippon, gaining two scores of waza-ari (and hence ippon) or having accumulated more points than the opponent by the end of a bout. If the scores are identical at the end of a bout, a period of Golden Score ensues. In this overtime period, the first score of any kind wins an athlete the match. If the scores are still level at the end of this period the result is decided by Hantei, that is the majority decision of the referee and the two corner judges.

BRAZIL IN OLYMPIC GAMES

Judo is the individual sport that has given more Olympic medals for Brazil. There are 19, including three golds, three silvers and bronzes thirteen. This successful story began in 1972 when the Japanese naturalized Brazilian Chiaki Ishii won the bronze at the Munich Games in the medium heavyweight division.

The most important Brazilian judoka athletes are: Aurélio Miguel (gold medal in Seul, 1988 and  silver medal in Atlanta, 1996), Rogério Sampaio (gold medal in Los Angelis, 1992),  Sarah Menezes (gold medal in London, 2012) And Thiago Camilo (silver medal in Sidney, 2000 and bronze medal in Pequin, 2008.

W10 - Teacher Henrique - Edmar Guedes, Luiz Henrique, Igor Fonseca, Amanda Saraiva, Luiz Gustavo 

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